It is the outermost part of a cell.  It provides a barrier to protect against plant viruses and other pathogens. It also helps to prevent water loss.​ So, this is called proctective .....

The nucleus is an important structure inside animal and plant cells. Some reasons why nucleus is important for cell are: 1. Nucleus is the main control center for the cell.     It regulates the activities of cell such as growth, .....

You may have learnt that plants prepare food in green leaves using water and carbon dioxide gas in the presence of sunlight. Sunlight is very essential for plants to prepare food. Chlorophyll, in the leaves of plants, absorbs sunlight. This .....

You may have learnt about plastids. Plastids are the cell organelles that store food particles. Leucoplast is a type of plastid. The main function of leucoplast is to store starch and .....

Chromosomes carry genes. They are responsible for making the organisms what they are by helping a cell to grow, expand, and .....

Plastid is one of the organelle found in plant cell. Chromoplast is a type of plastid. It contains coloured pigments like carotene and xanthophyll. These pigments give different colour like red, yellow orange, .....

They are like small factories, that use available materials to build proteins. So, the function of ribosome is to make protin. This is called as protein synthesis. These proteins can then be used by the cell for other purposes, such as to build .....

The golgi body is responsible for taking the proteins which were created by the ribosomes and making them bigger and better. So, the function of  golgi apparatus is to modify and transport the proteins made by ribosome. When the golgi .....

Ribosomes are either located in the liquid inside the cell (cytoplasm) or attached to the membrane of other organelles. Ribosome helps to make protein. These proteins is used by the cell for other purposes, such as to build new structures, .....

Plant cells consists of many kinds of plastids. Like chloroplast, chromoplast and leucoplast. Chromoplast is a kind of plastid containing coloring matter other than chlorophyll (green pigment). They are found in leaves, flowers and ripe fruits, .....

Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have a true nucleus or most other cell organelles. Organisms that have prokaryotic cells are unicellular and called prokaryotes. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes. The following image is a diagram of a .....

Inside a cell, there are tiny organs like mitochondria, nucleus, vacuole, chloroplast (in plant) etc. They perform specific function in a cell. They are called as .....

They are normally viewed using a microscope. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa etc. are some of the examples of .....

But other organisms like rabbit, dog, pine tree, a man etc. are made up of many cells. These organisms which are made up of many cells (i.e. more than one cell) are called as multicellular .....

There are many characteristics of living things. Some of them are: 1. Movement All living things move in some way. You may have seen animals walking and the plant moving their parts (like leaf, flower) to the direction of .....

Look at the image below. The image shows tapeworm. From the name, you can say that tapeworm is as flat as a measuring tape. Tapeworm is a type of .....

Athropoda is the largest phylum that consists of animals which bear joint .....

Obviously you have seen both monkey and butterfly. Monkey generally spend its time in tree, so it is called as arborreal animal. While butterfly spend its time flying in the air .so, it is known as aerial animal. Arboreal animal don't fly .....

You might have seen buffalo. Buffalo is a domestic animal. Polar bear is found generally in himalayan region. It is a wild animal. Generally polar bear are white in colour and buffalo is not.  

Buffalo are herbivores, they eat .....

Aquatic animals are those animals which live in water. Their body is streamlined and best suited to float. Terrestrial animals live on land. Some of them have 4 legs, some have 2 to move.Some of them crawl on the land. In water, animals .....

You might be very familiar with cement and glass.  They are non-metallic substance. They are very useful in modern civilization. Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oil to make ghee. Carbon is used fo making electrolytes of .....

You know metals are the elements that are good conductor of heat and electricity and they are hard. Due to this property, metals have so many uses. Some of them are 1. Metals are used to make electric wires and utensils. 2. Jewellary and medas .....

Non-metals are soft solid elements that are dull in appearance. Example carbon, nitrogen , oxygen etc. Some properties of non-metals are 1. They donot conduct heat and electricity. 2. They are not ductile, so wire cannot be made from them. 3. .....

Metals are the elements that are mostly hard, shiny and  good conductor of heat and  electricity. Example iron,copper, silver, gold etc. The properties of metals are  1. They are generally solid expect mercury and gallium which are .....

A single gram of gold can be beaten into a sheet of 1 square meter. It can be beaten thin enough to become transparent. So, gold is the best malleable .....

The microlattice is the lightest metal ever made by the scientists. It is 99.99% air. It has a density as low as 0.9 .....

The metals which are found in compound state are: - Aluminium oxide (the main metal compound present in the ore known as .....

 Gold, silver, copper ,platinum metals are found in free state in .....

The metal that are found in liquid state are Mercury and .....

Diamond is the purest and hardest form of carbon. It is a transparent and crystalline substance. A diamond crystal consists of large number of carbon atoms. It is a bad conductor of .....

You might have seen iron in various form. Like Rods, bolts, pipes, way tracks, vehicles, cookinng utensils,weapons eetc. It is a very popular metal. Iron is ametal of atomic number 26 which is silvery white and lustrous. Its symbol is Fe. It .....

It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal (can be made into wire)  in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth;s .....

Graphite is the purest form of carbon. It is the crystalline allotropic form of carbon. It is an opaque, dark grey solid. It is soft and good conductor of electricity. It is used as a solid lubricant, in pencils, and as a moderator in nuclear .....

Bromine is a non-metallic halgon element with atomic number 35 and symbol Br. It is a chemical element that exists as a strong-smelling, dark red liquid that chnage easily into gas, It is used in photographic .....

The temperature of crust is less than that of mantle and  the temperature of mantle is less than that of core. Core is the hottest internal layer of the Earth. Core is divided into two layer; outer core and  inner .....

You may know that earth is divided into four different layers The elements of each layer of earth .....

4. Climate: Earth has a suitable climate for the life of living organisms. The temperature on Earth does not go from one extreme to the other either. 5. Sun: If there was no Sun, there would be no life on Earth. Technically, Earth probably .....

It is stated that scientists get information about the inner part of the Earth by studying the earthquake activities. Scientists use different technologies and devices to study earthquake activities  and the studies help them to know about .....

Outer Core: (liquid form) - iron - nickel - (small amounts of other dense elements like gold, platinum, and uranium) Inner Core: (solid form) - iron - .....

You know the earth is not a perfect sphere.  It is flattened at the poles and bulged at the equator.  So, the equatorial radius is greater than the polar radius.  The polar radius is 6,353 km and the equatorial radius is 6,384 .....

According to nebular hypothesis :there was a big bang . Nebula was formed. it cools, gases(hydrogen and helium) Condenses, the main dust particles condensed formed the sun and the dust particles present in clamps due to Gravitation and .....