Some of the symbols used in flowchart along with their meanings are listed .....

The common guidelines (properties) of flowchart are: The flowchart should have only one start and ending points. Flow lines shouldn't intersect each other. Flowchart should not contain the programming language. The flowchart should be neat and .....

System flowchart Program flowchart 1. System flowchart gives complete processing mechanism and cannot be converted into program 1. Program flowchart gives the problem solving method and can be converted into program. Example: .....

Flowchart is a graphical representation of program solving steps so that it makes clear about the program. The concept of flowchart was given by John Vonn Neuman 1945. Types of flowchart are: a) System Flowchart b) Program Flowchart .....

An algorithm is a sequence of steps required to solve a particular problem. The concept of algorithm was given by ALKHOWARISMI.Some characteristic of an algorithm are listed below:Each and every instruction should be precise and unambiguous.An .....

The E- Authentication initiative will provide a trusted and secure standards based authentication architecture to support Federal E-Government applications and .....

It is important to take a government-wide inventory of assets. After determining what it has, a government must determine the quality of what it has, as well as what it does not have. Then it must write out a shopping list of what it needs to make .....

The two aspects of e-governance are possible are:1. Enterprise HR Integration:The enhance Human Resources Integration (EHRI) initiative is developing policies and tools to streamline and automate the electronic exchange of standardized HR data .....

E-payroll initiative will standardize and consolidate Government wide Federal civilian payroll services and processes by simplifying and standardizing HR/payroll policies and procedures and better integrating payroll, human resources and finance .....

The Integrated Acquisition Environment (IAE) initiative creates a secure business environment that facilitates and supports cost effective acquisition of goods and services by federal agencies, while eliminating inefficiencies in the current .....

E-records management initiative provides policy guidance to help agencies better manage their electronic records, so that records information can be effectively used to support timely and effective decision making, enhance service delivery, and .....

The different five steps, that I think required, to make e-government happen are listed below. Develop a vision.Conduct an e-readiness assessment.Identify realistic goals.Get the bureaucracy to buy-in and develop a change management strategy.Build .....

Local level G2G service: It includes the transaction & interaction between the central and local government and between department level and attached agencies for e.g. ministry of education & District education office. International .....

Government-to-Government systemis an online non-commercial interaction between government organizations, departments, and authorities with other government organizations, department and authorities. .....

Government to Employee is an online non-commercial interaction service between the government and employees i.e. bureaucrats for dealing with the citizens. .....

Government to business is the online non-commercial interaction between local and central government and the commercial business sector such as policies, rules, regulations etc. .....

It is the basic citizen service like license renewals, ordering of birth/death/marriage certificates, filling income tax as well other basic services such as education, health care etc. .....

Different types of e-government are:Government to Citizen (G2C) Government to Customer (G2C) Government to Business (G2B) Government to Employee (G2E) Government to Government (G2G) .....

Internal work area External work area It is paperless work in an office by using computers or electronic media. It is the process of providing information to all the citizens through electronic media. .....

E-government is getting more and more popular now a days because of ICT & internet playing vital role in the daily lives of people of every sector such as e-commerce, e-business, e-Banking, e-education, e-learning .....

The goals of e-governance are: To provide better business environment To provide transparency, accountability and fight against corruption To provide on line services to the customers To improve the productivity and efficiency of government .....

The major areas of e-governance are: Internal work area External work area .....

The government system, which provides information and services to the citizen and organization through electronic media i.e. ICT is known as e-government. The advantages of e-governance are: It provides greater access to government .....

Hacking cracking, stealing money, etc. like frauds can happen through the .....

Computer is greatly affecting on individual life by creating more opportunities, facilitating internet, email etc. to make personal life easier & better. Besides, these computer is making individual's life more .....

Negative impacts of computer in the society are: The initial cost is high. Increasing unemployment in the society. Problem of data & information piracy. Problem of fast & frequent changing .....

Positive impact of computer in the society are: To perform any task quickly & accurately. To maintain document secrecy. To process error free result. To use in different fields in the .....

The social impacts of computer are: Impacts on employment and competition. Impacts on learning and education. Impacts on quality of life. Impacts on offices and .....

Computer is highly used in health sector especially in hospitals for different purposes. It is used for diagnosis illness, of the patients record keeping, performing complex operation, checking heartbeat, blood pressure measuring, internal body .....

Computer play great role in business since it is helping to use e-commerce e-trade, e-shopping etc. instead of traditional business .....

Computers are affecting younger generation by providing full entertainment. Younger generation spend a lot of time by playing computer games instead of playing physical outdoor game & also watching vulgar movies which cause negative impact to .....

Computer impact on entertainment by various mean. They are: Computer is used in creating, editing special effects for making games, cartoons, character movies etc. Computers are used in music industries for composing editing, recording & .....

The role & use of computer in education is increasing day by day. Internet technology is playing key role in education especially for open education, online education, distance learning education etc. CAI/CAL, net meeting, remote education .....

Binary numbers are divided in the same manner as decimal numbers. We need to remember the rules of binary subtraction.Rules for binary division: A B A/B 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1Not defined 0 1Not .....

Binary numbers are multiplied in the same manner as decimal numbers. We need to remember the rules of binary addition.Rules for binary multiplication: A B A×B 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 .....

The rules for subtraction are the same in the binary system as in the decimal system. The result of the subtraction of binary digit is either 0 or 1.Rules for binary subtraction: A B A-B 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1i.e. due to borrowing from the next .....

Binary numbers are added to the same manner as decimal numbers. There are only four possible combinations resulting from the addition of two binary digits. Rules for binary addition: A B A+B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 10 i.e. 0 carry 1 .....

There is no any direct method to convert hexadecimal number into octal. So, at first the given hexadecimal number is converted into its binary equivalent then the result will be converted into octal as in previous methods.Convert (42C)16 into .....

Hexadecimal digit is represented in 4 bits. A hexadecimal number is converted to its binary equivalent by just substituting the respective binary value for each digit of the hexadecimal number.Convert (4A5)16 into BinarySolution:Hexadecimal Number: .....

The decimal equivalent of a hexadecimal number is the sum of the digits multiplied by 16 with their corresponding weights. Convert (A2E)16 into Decimal Solution: 2 1 0 (weight)Hexadecimal Number: A 2 EDecimal Equivalent = A×162 + 2×161 + .....

A number system that uses sixteen different digits to represent different values is known as hexadecimal number system. The base of hexadecimal number system is 16 because it consist sixteen digits from 0 to 9 and A to F to represent values from ten .....

There is no any direct method to convert octal number into octal. So, at first the given octal number is converted into its binary equivalent then the result will be converted into hexadecimal as in previous methods.Convert (3256)8 into .....

Octal digit is represented in 3 bits. An octal number is converted to its binary equivalent by just substituting the respective binary value for each digit of the octal number. Binary TableOctal Binary0 0001 0012 0103 0114 1005 1016 1107 111Convert .....

Hexadecimal digit is represented in 4 bits. So, a binary number is converted to its hexadecimal equivalent by grouping together successively 4 bits of the binary number starting from the least significant bit (right-most digit) and then replacing .....

Octal digit is represented in 3 bits. So, a binary number is converted to its octal equivalent by grouping their successive 3 bits of the binary number starting from the least significant bit (right-most digit) and then replacing each 3 bit group by .....

The decimal equivalent of a binary number is the sum of the digits multiplied by 2 with their corresponding weights. Convert (1010111101)2 into decimalSolution: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (weight)Binary number: 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1Decimal equivalent: 1×28 .....

A positive decimal integer can be converted to hexadecimal through successive division by 16 till the quotient becomes zero and sequential collection of remainder on last come first basis (i.e. bottom to top). But the remainder 10 or above is .....

The procedure for conversion of octal numbers to their decimal equivalents is similar to conversion of binary numbers to their decimal equivalents but with the difference, that the base used in this case is 8 instead of 2 used in binary.Convert .....

A number system that uses eight different digits to represent different values is known as octal number system. The base of octal number system is 8 because it consist eight digits from 0 to 7. The octal number system is used in the computer to .....

A number system that uses two different digits to represent different values is known as binary number system. The base of binary number system is 2 because it consist two digits 0 and 1. Each digit of the binary number system is called Binary Digit .....