Before discussing about the need of hibernation, let us know what is hibernation. Hibernation is inactive stage of cold blooded animals. During the winter season, they dig themselves down about 30-60cm down. Frogs go inside the earth during .....

For an ideal gas, the product of pressure and volume (PV) is a constant if the gas is kept at isothermal conditions. For an ideal gas, the work involved when a gas changes from state A to state B through an isothermal process is given .....

We all know frogs feed upon insects. To meet their water requirement, frogs eat juicy insects and worms. They also absorb water through their permeable membrane. There are various metabolic activities through which they feed water. In this way .....

Aestivation is summer sleep. During summer, what frog does is, they go beneath soil for about 15-30 days. While they are having their summer sleep they do not respire through skin. To escape from high temperature frogs go for aestivation. They .....

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Frogs, moles, lizards, chickens eat earthworm. In many countries, earthworm are eaten as .....

Earthworms do not have head. Their first segment is called peristomium. Peristonium bears a fleshy lobe called prostonium.  Prostomium is an aperture which is located in the tip of the first segment. The boring organ of earthworm is .....

An electric field is defined as the region where force can be experienced.

An electric field potential is the amount of electric potential energy that a unitary point electric charge would have if .....

For an infinitely long charged wire of linear charge density λ  we can choose a cylindrical Gaussian surface of length L and radius  centred on the wire. By symmetry the field points radially away from the wire and .....

While female reproductive system consists of: a pair of ovaries (13th segment) a pair of oviducal funnels(13th segment) a pair of oviducts (13th and 14th segments) 4 pairs of spermathecae/recepticula seminalis (6th,7th,8th and 9th .....

An achromatic lens or achromatic is a lens  that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Achromatic lenses are corrected to bring two wavelengths (typically red and blue) .....

The scientific name of earthworm is Pheretima posthuma. Earthworms are tube shaped worms. They are found living in soil. They feed upon living or dead organic matter. Classification of earthworm is: Kingdom- .....

Consider a figure shown above, the light ray is passing from one medium (denser) to another medium (rarer). When the light ray passes from denser medium refraction takes place away from normal in rarer medium as we continue to increase the .....

When a ray of light is incident on aglass lab, the emergent ray coming out of the slab will be parallel to the incident ray. The shift of a light ray from its original path when passing through a slab is known as lateral shift. It is denoted by .....

Nephridia is segmented coiled tube. It is an excretory organ of earthworm. The function of nephridia inlcude absorption. It also helps in elimination of nitrogenous wastes. Nitrogenous wastages include urea. These wastages are removed from body .....

Diesel engine is defined as internal-combustion engine in which heat produced by the compression of air in the cylinder is used to ignite the fuel. The diesel internal combustion engine differs from the gasoline powered Otto cycle by using .....

All chordates have tail. It extends beyond anus. The tail has the internal support of notochord. Their heart is always present in ventral side. Chordates consists of closed type of circulatory .....

Examples of Arthropoda are: Limulus (king crab),  Aranea  (spider), mites, crab, silkworm (Bombyx) , etc. While examples of Annelida are: earthworm Lumbricus Neresis Hirudinaria (leech) Polygordius .....

But in case of conduction and convection, actually these are also a process of heat transfer but it requires medium to transfer heat. Conduction: It takes place in solid. Convection: It takes place in .....

The peculiar characters of Phylum: Aschelminthis are: 1. They are the first triploblastic animals. As there is the presence of three layers. They are ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. 2. They are the first animals to have bilateral symmetry. 3. .....

oefficient of thermal conductivity of good conductor by Searle’s Method;

Searle’s apparatus for thermal conductivity

Searle’s apparatus consist of a metal bar AB with cavities C1 and .....

3. Demospongiae: They are mostly marine or few are fresh water. They are solitary or colonial. Endoskeleton is made of siliceous spicules or spongin fibers or both. Examples are: Spongilla, Euspongia, .....

Let P1V1 and T1 are the initial state of the gas in the cylinder. Let, the gas expand from its initial volume V1 to final volume V2.

Then, the work done by the is given by,

W .....

The peculiar characters of Phylum: Platyhelminthis are: 1. They are the first triploblastic animals. As there is the presence of three layers. They are ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. 2. They are the first animals to have bilateral symmetry. 3. .....

Metaboly is the temporary change in the body shape of Paramecium. Paramecium  possesses elasticity. Due to elasticity, it contracts and passes through narrow passages. But later it assumes its normal .....

The specific heats of gases are generally expressed as molar specific heats. For a mono atomic ideal gas the internal energy is all in the form of kinetic energy, and kinetic theory provides the expression for .....

After the formation of ex-conjugants, each ex-conjugants .....

There are four different species of malarial parasite. They are .....

In Paramecium trichocysts act as organ of defence and offence. When the organism is irritated by external agents trichocysts discharge long sticky thread like structures. And during stimulation water enters inside the sac. The discharged .....

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The reason behind boiling the flask, is to promote .....

Some organs have same function but different structure and origin. Such organs are known as analogous organs. Some examples are: 1. The wings of bird and insect. 2. The other example is tuber, rhizome, fusiform root and napiform root are .....

Cro-Magnon man first appeared in earth about 35-50 thousand years ago. It appeared during late ice age. Their fossils were discovered first in 1852 at Gower Walls and .....

Biogenetic theory was given by Ernst Haeckal. This law states that individual development of frog takes place from egg. The egg gradually changes into adult after repeat in condensed form. Even the ancestor have passed in the course of .....

Reproduction takes place sexually as well as asexually. Asexual reproduction takes place in lower organisms. Whereas, sexual reproduction mostly takes place in higher .....

Mycology is the branch of botany. We all know about fungi. And the study of fungi is known as .....

It deals with the shape, size, colour, texture and structure of .....

where is the reaction to .....

DNP can be used to distinguish carbonyl compounds from other compounds. Tollen's reagent can be used to distinguish aldehydes and .....

It is benzoin condensation reaction. Benzaldehyde react with Alc. KCN to give benzoin. Ph-CHO + Ph-CHO + Alc. KCN = Ph-CO-CH(OH)-Ph                                .....

Aldol condensation reaction is reaction of carbonyl compound having α-hydrogen. In aldol condensation same aldehyde or ketone is used. If different two aldehyde or ketone is used, reaction is called cross aldol condensation .....

Carbonyl compound react with hydrazine in presence of strong base to give alkane is called Wolff's-Kishner reaction. Benzophenone undergo Wolff's Kishner reaction to give ethylbenzene. Ph-CO-CH3 + NH2-NH2 = .....

2-pentanone will give a positive iodoform test whereas 3-Pentanone will give negative .....

Ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction on normal condition but undergo oxidation reaction under drastic condition. Oxidation of acetone gives Acetic acid under drastic condition. Acetic acid react with NaOH to give sodium acetate. Sodium .....

A= Ca(CH3COO)2         calcium acetate B= CH3CHO       ethanal C= CH3CH=NNH2      acetaldehyde .....

Ph-CH3 + (acidic) CrO3------->Ph-CHO toulene        oxidation                   .....

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For example 2CH3CHO + dil.NaOH--------> CH3CHOHCH2CHO      acetaldehyde                                 3-hydroxybutanal         .....

When aldehyde and ketone is reacted with 2 moles of alcohols in acidic medium acetals is .....

It is the reaction of Phenol. It is also known as Formylation reaction. In this reaction, phenol react with HCl and HCN in presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 gives salicyaldehyde. Ph-OH + HCl + HCN  = .....