nPh-OH + nHCHO-----------> (OH-Ph-CH2OH)n + H2O                                                       .....

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Alcohol can form intermolecular hydrogen bond and can exist as giant molecules. Carboxylic acid can form double intermolecular hydrogen bond and form dimer structure. They require extra energy to break the bond and have high boiling and melting .....

The possible aldehyde CH3-CH2-CH2-CHO   butanal The possible .....

2Ph-CHO + NaOH-------> Ph-CH2OH .....

We know that EOQ =  root under 2 * AO / C  where, A= Annual usage  O= ordering cosst  ( e.g. 20 rs. ) C = Carrying cost ( e.g. 10 % of inventory ) we can solve the numerical portion, and find  the .....

Compound A gives phenylhydrazone with phenylhydrazine, compound must be carbonyl compound. The compound which does not reduce Fehling's solution must be ketone. The compound which gives positive iodoform test must contain -CH2CO- group. The .....

This reaction is given by aldehydes having without α-hydrogen. Reaction takes place in presence of Conc. NaOH/KOH. It is self oxidation reduction reaction where one molecule of aldehyde is oxidised and another is reduced. Oxidation .....

It is the example of addition reaction followed by elimination. Elimination of water takes place in this reaction. Acetaldehyde react with 2,4-DNP to give .....

It is condensation reaction of the carbonyl compounds having α- hydrogen. Reaction takes in basic condition and acidic medium as well. It involves 2 molecules of same compounds. The product is β-hydroxy aldehyde or .....

Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides leads to the formation of alkene. Dehydrohalogenation takes place in presence of Alc. KOH/NaOH. After dehydrohalogenation it gives alkene, propene. Ozonolysis of propene gives ozonide which on hydrolysis in .....

Under LIFO method, last items of inventory purchsed is the first one sold. Stores ledger has  three parts, issued, purchased and balance column. issued decreses the stock on balance and purchased increses the balance of stock . LIFO assumes .....

Acetaldehyde react with Grignard reagent to form secondary alcohol. Oxidation of secondary alcohol leads to the formation of ketone. Here, acetaldehyde react with methyl magnesium chloride to give 2-propanol. Oxidation of 2-propanol gives .....

It can be done via one of the most important method. Grignard reagent can be used here. Formaldehyde react with Methyl Magnesium halide followed by hydrolysis gives ethyl alcohol.                   .....

Nepal's diplomatic relationship started with the relationship with Britain after Sugauli treaty in 1816 AD. Since then Nepal had maintained a good relationship with most of the countries across the world. Nepal became the member of .....

All assets are debit in the journal . machinery ,furniture, stock , bills receivable, are debited and  creditors, bills payble, and share capital are credited in the journal .....

They both are carbonyl compounds. Ethanal is aldehyde and propanone is ketone. There are different test to distinguish aldehydes and ketones. Tollen's test and Fehling's test can be used to distinguish these two compounds. Ethanal gives .....

Entry passed at redemption is: Debentures a/c -Dr  To bank .....

Journal passed at redemption: Debentures a/c - Dr. To bank .....

Alkaline solution of copper sulphate containing potassium tartarate is called Fehling's solution. It indicates as Cu++ + OH- It only reduce carbonyl compound having free carbonyl group. Hence, Glucose shows positive Fehling's .....

Tender is a formal offer to supply  or carry out work at a stated price. For this purpose, an estimated cost sheet has to be prepared and forwarded to customers  who demands products and such sheet is tender .....

Lactic acid is  CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. It can be done by addition of hydrogen cyanide followed by acidic hydrolysis.                                       .....

Transparency International gives voice to the victims and witnesses of corruption. They work together with governments, businesses and citizens to stop the abuse of power, bribery and secret deals.

As a global movement with one .....

A cost shhet is a report on which is accumulated all of the costs associated with a product or production.  It is used to compile the margin earned on a product.  manufacturing account is used in the manufacturing organization.  It .....

It is a sum of all costs put into the production process to manufacture  products that are partially completed.  It refers to raw materials, labor, and oveerhesd costs incurred .....

LIFO stands for Last In First .....

Some advantages are: It is a simple method to use It has a guarantee of minimum .....

It is a mixed cost and is composed of variable and fixed cost. In such, a cost is fixed for certain level of production or consumption and variable after such level. e.g. If electricity charges are Rs. 500  fixed upto 100 units and after 100 .....

Perpectual system describes of inventory whre information on  inventory quantity and availability is updated on a continuos basis as s function of doing business. It is a mrtod of accounting for inventory that  resords the sale or purchse .....

The disadvantages are: Less attention to quality No guarantee of minimum .....

cost accounting involves the preparation of a broad range of reports that  management ne3eds to run a business.  financial accounting involves the preparation of reports for outsiders  such as investors, creditors etc. cost .....

Current ratio is the ratio which shows the relationship between current assets  and current liabilities. It measures the ability of the firm to meet  its short-term liabilties and provide information about its solvency. It is calculated .....

The opening provision will have a credit balance. The bad debt during the year is to be debited. The provision to be maintained for the year (here 30% of debtors) is to be debited. The balancing fig on credit side is to be transferred to p & .....

The opening provision will have a credit balance. The bad debt during the year is to be debited. The provision to be maintained for the year (closing) is to be debited. The balancing fig on credit side is to be transferred to p & l .....

Start with the balance given e.g. here balance of cash is given. You should be careful to see whether negative balance is given or not. Starting with cash balance, our objective is to find out the bank balance. In such case, Those figures .....

Start with the balance given e.g. here balance of bank is given. You should be careful to see whether negative balance is given or not. Starting with bank balance, our objective is to find out the cash balance. In such case, Those figures which .....

Rectification entry is: Building a/c -Dr 19000 To wages a/c .....

While providing journal entries understand the following We debit when assets & expenses are increased and when liability, capital and revenue are decreased. Also we credit when assets & expenes are decreased and when liability, capital .....

e.g. for first transaction; Assets = Capital + Liabilities +35000 (Debtors)  = 0 + 0 -35000 .....

The journal entry for above is: Bank a/c -Dr 50000 Discount allowed a/c -Dr 2000 To Mr. Potato a/c .....

It ignores non-financial and  qualitative aspects of business. It is expensive to .....

Services are rendered means services are .....

e.g. An asset costing 100000 has 10 years of useful life. Depreciation will be 100000/10 = 10000 If salvage value is 10000 Depreciation = (100000-10000)/10 = .....

The parties .....

The reasons for dishonoring the cheque are as follows :-  when the cheque is outdated.  when the amount in words and figures differ. when over writting is made on cheque. having no sufficient balance in bank .....

Some of the reasons are: Cheque issued but not presented for payment Cheque recieved but not yet collected. Bank charges debited but not recorded in cash .....

Ledger is prepared for the following reasons: To classify the financial transactions, To help in preparing trial balance. To help in ascertaining profit and .....

It is the asset which has a physical form. i.e. they can be seen and touched. e.g. furniture, building, machinery .....

No trade discount arises only  at the time of .....

It helps to know the  financial position of the business. It provides information about owner's capital, assets and .....